Dipl.Ing. Th. Frland, Dr.Ing. K.H. Zysk, Loesche
separate types of material during the process: the raw ma terials and coal before the kiln, and the final cement product once firing is complete and the clinker cooled. Looking back on a century or more, ball mill systems were used for all three grinding stages, but the development of more energyefficient vertical roller mills (VRMs) led to their replacement. Initially, this focused on